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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. 103 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782414

ABSTRACT

Na presente dissertação foi realizada a análise do conjunto de empreendimentos da modalidade de Abastecimento de Água Potável sob gestão do Ministério das Cidades (Mcidades), maior programa de investimentos em saneamento básico do governo federal desde os anos 70, a saber: o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), o PAC1 (2007-2010), além de dados simplificados parciais de sua segunda fase, o PAC2 (2011-2014), com a base de dados fixada em 31 de dezembro de 2013. Os empreendimentos foram agrupados considerando a evolução física e financeira das operações por fonte de recursos, tipo de proponente/tomador e UF. Foram considerados aspectos técnicos, legais e institucionais que influenciaram e, ainda influenciam, a implementação dos empreendimentos desde sua contratação até sua efetiva conclusão. Assim, foi apresentada a relação de empreendimentos ativos em andamento ou já concluídos e os respectivos valores de empréstimos (FIN) ou repasses (OGU), os prazos médios entre as etapas do processo de seleção até a conclusão da operação e, como destaque, a compilação das Sínteses das Dificuldades dos contratos, informação esta, diretamente relacionada ao desempenho dos contratos, baseadas no Sistema de Acompanhamento e Controle de Investimentos (SACI) do Ministério das Cidades...


In the present work was made the analysis of the set of projects of drinking water supply under management of the Ministry of Cities (Ministério das Cidades –MCidades) through the biggest investment program in basic sanitation of the brazilianfederal government since the 70’s, namely: the Growth Acceleration Program(Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – PAC), PAC 1 (2007-2010), as well assimplified partial data of its second phase, PAC 2 (2011-2014), with database set on December 31, 2013. The projects were grouped considering their physical and financial progresses, by funding source types, proponent-taker types and federation units. Were considered technical, legal and institutional aspects that influenced and still influences the projects’ implementation since their hires until their actual conclusions. Thus, was presented the list of active projects in progress or already completed e their respectiveamount of resources from loans (FIN) or federal government budget transfers (OGU), the average time between steps of the selection process until the completion of the operation and, as a high light, the compilation of contracts’ syntheses of difficulties, information that is directly related to the performance of contracts , based on Monitoring and Control of Investments System (Sistema de Monitoramento e Controle de Investimento – SACI), considered the cutoff date of this work’s plan...


Subject(s)
Humans , Water Supply/economics , Government Programs , Investments , Public Policy , Sanitation , City Planning
2.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 34(3): 64-71, set. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-695257

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se identificar as demandas de cuidado domiciliar da criança nascida exposta ao HIV, sob a perspectiva da teoria ambientalista. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo realizado de janeiro a abril de 2011. Participaram dez mães infectadas pelo HIV, com crianças nascidas expostas ao vírus, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Constituíram-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados: câmera fotográfica descartável e digital e formulários para captação de informações em saúde associadas ao ambiente domiciliar. Os resultados foram contextualizados de acordo com a teoria e organizados em categorias: "vulnerabilidades associadas à estrutura física da moradia"; "ar intradomiciliar e peridomiciliar impuro"; "água utilizada para consumo"; "rede de esgoto e saneamento"; "iluminação e ventilação da residência". Conclui-se que o ambiente domiciliar oferece condições ambientais desfavoráveis para a criança. Urge a realização de intervenções focalizadas no ambiente domiciliar, para promover a saúde da criança nascida exposta ao HIV.


Se objetivó identificar las demandas de atención en el hogar de los niños nacidos expuestos al VIH en la perspectiva de la teoría ambientalista. Estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo realizado entre enero y abril de 2011. Participaron diez madres VIH-positivas con bebés expuestos al virus, en Fortaleza, Ceará. Fueron instrumentos de recolección de datos: cámara desechable y digital y formularios para capturar información sobre la salud asociada con el ambiente del hogar. Los resultados fueron contextualizados de acuerdo a la teoría y organizado en categorías: vulnerabilidades asociadas con la estructura física de la casa; aire intra y peridoméstico impuro; agua utilizada para el consumo; saneamiento y alcantarillado; iluminación y ventilación de la residencia. Se concluye que el hogar ofrece condiciones ambientales desfavorables para el niño. Hay necesidad de intervenciones específicas en el entorno del hogar para promover la salud de los niños nacidos expuestos al VIH.


The purpose of this study was to identify the demands of home care of children born exposed to HIV in the perspective of the environmental theory. It consists of an exploratory descriptive qualitative study, developed between January and April of 2011. Study participants were ten HIV-infected mothers with infants exposed to the virus, living in Fortaleza, Ceará. The data collection instruments included: a disposable digital camera and forms to obtain information on health associated with the home environment. Results were contextualized according to the theory and organized into the following categories: vulnerabilities associated with the physical structure of the house; contaminated intra and peridomestic air; unclean water used for drinking; sanitation and sewerage system; lighting and ventilation of the house. In conclusion, the home environment offers unfavorable environmental conditions for the child. Targeted interventions in the home environment are necessary so as to promote the health of children born exposed to HIV.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Environmental Exposure , Family Health , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Services Needs and Demand , Housing , Infant Care , Social Determinants of Health , Air Pollution, Indoor/economics , Air Pollution, Indoor/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Environmental Exposure/economics , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Family Health/economics , Family Health/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/congenital , HIV Infections/transmission , Health Services Needs and Demand/economics , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , House Calls , Housing/economics , Housing/statistics & numerical data , Hygiene/economics , Hygiene/standards , Infant Care/economics , Infant Care/standards , Infant Care/statistics & numerical data , Infection Control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Models, Theoretical , Photography , Poverty , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Risk Assessment , Sanitation/economics , Sanitation/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/economics , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Water Pollution/economics , Water Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Water Supply/economics , Water Supply/statistics & numerical data
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(7): 2119-2127, Jul. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679611

ABSTRACT

As chamadas tecnologias sociais vêm sendo largamente usadas em muitos lugares do mundo como alternativa viável para que populações de baixa renda tenham acesso a oportunidades de ocupação e renda e outros aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida, inclusive o saneamento básico. O presente trabalho realiza uma avaliação custo-benefício do uso de uma tecnologia de baixo custo para abastecimento de água potável utilizada em vários países, o sistema SODIS. O estudo foi realizado em comunidades ribeirinhas que vivem na área insular do município de Belém (PA), localizado na Amazônia brasileira. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários respondidos por famílias moradoras de três ilhas: Jutuba, Nova e Urubuoca. Os resultados mostraram-se positivos, considerando a análise de custo-benefício do projeto, o que comprova a viabilidade econômica do uso do sistema SODIS na situação investigada.


The so-called social technologies have been widely used in many places around the world as a viable alternative for low-income populations to gain access to opportunities for employment and income and other aspects related to quality of life, including basic sanitation. This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis of using a low cost technology for drinking water used in several countries, namely the SODIS system. The study was conducted in riverside communities living in the island area of Belem municipality, located in the Brazilian Amazon. Data were collected through questionnaires answered by families living on three islands: Jutuba, Nova and Urubuoca. The results were positive, considering the cost-benefit analysis of the project, which demonstrates the economic viability of using the SODIS system in the situation investigated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Promotion/economics , Health Promotion/methods , Water Purification/economics , Water Purification/methods , Water Supply/economics , Water Supply/standards , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Disinfection , Residence Characteristics , Sociology
6.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2000 Dec; 31(4): 762-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31899

ABSTRACT

In Thailand, iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are endemic in 57 out of 75 provinces with an estimated 15 million people at risk of IDD. A three pronged control program with iodized salt, iodized water and iodized oil capsules is being implemented. The water iodization program is both school based and household based. In the household, the residents are given iodine solution, two drops of which is to be added to 10 l of drinking water. In the schools, in addition to this method, an iodinator is used. This releases a fixed amount of iodine into the drinking water. This study examines the cost of the water iodization program in Thailand for the year 1996 in terms of cost per beneficiary, cost per microg iodine consumed daily and cost per goiter person years averted. We used a discount rate of 5%. Field visit and interviews of health personnel from Ministry to village level were conducted to gather primary data. Review of existing papers and reports of the Department of Health, Government of Thailand was done for secondary data. The costs included the capital cost of equipments, initial training and the recurrent costs of potassium iodate, proportional salaries of personnel involved, monitoring and communication activities. The cost per beneficiary of school based iodinator method (US$ 0.72) and school based drop method (US$ 0.64) were similar and much higher than the household based approach (US$ 0.12). The cost per microg of iodine consumed daily was ten times higher in the school based approach (US$ 0.01) compared to the household approach (US$ 0.001). The cost per goiter case averted for the whole strategy of water iodization was US$ 194.50. Water iodization appears to be a low cost intervention. However, the need for behavioral modification raises the issue of long term sustainability.


Subject(s)
Child , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Deficiency Diseases/economics , Goiter/prevention & control , Humans , Iodides/administration & dosage , Iodine/deficiency , Thailand , Water Supply/economics
7.
Rio de Janeiro; IPEA; out. 1996. 62 p. ilus, tab.(IPEA. Texto para Discussäo, 438).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-334213

ABSTRACT

Examina as limitaçöes e os efeitos da adoçäo de uma estrutura tarifária por uma empresa prestadora de serviços de utilidade pública que utiliza um sistema de subsídios cruzados para financiar uma tarifa mais baixa cobrada aos usuários pobres. Exercícios de simulaçäo tarifária säo feitos usando-se tarifas diferenciadas segundo a classificaçäo social dos consumidores, sendo medidos os efeitos que o subsídio provoca em termos da quantidade demandada, das receitas geradas e do seu impacto sobre o nível de bem-estar dos usuários. Mostra como este tipo de estrutura tarifária pode ser convertida naquela na qual as tarifas säo estabelecidas para blocos de quantidades consumidas do serviço. Utiliza estas duas diferentes estruturas tarifárias para mostrar como a estrutura classificatória do usuário é mais eficiente que a outra do ponto de vista de restringir o acesso ao subsídio àqueles que efetivamente necessitam dele.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Domestic Water Consumption , Poverty/economics , Sanitation Services Tariffs , Water Supply/economics , Brazil , Direct Service Costs , Fees and Charges , Public Policy , Simulation Exercise
8.
Washington, D.C; Pan Américan Health Organization; Sept. 1996. 47 p. tab. (PAHO/HEP/96/13).
Monography in English | LILACS | ID: lil-376894
10.
Washington, D.C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 1995. 283 p. (OPS. Serie Análisis Sectoriales, 3).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-374861

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio consta de 10 capítulos tecnicos. Los siete primeros relacionan las caracteristicas fisico-geográficas y socioeconomicas del pais,la gestión y el desempeno del sector de agua potable y saneamiento, el analisis institucional y el marco legal, los planes, políticas y programas, el analisis tecnico de la infraestructura sanitaria, la gestión y participacion comunitaria, y el analisis financiero. Los tres capítulos finales recogen los aspectos criticos identificados, las estrategias, políticas y acciónes recomendadas y los perfiles de proyectos prioritarios


Subject(s)
Water Supply/economics , Drinking Water , Health Programs and Plans , National Health Strategies , Sanitation , Cuba , Health Infrastructure , Community Participation , Socioeconomic Factors , Technical Cooperation , Water Quality
13.
Guatemala; INCAP; 1994. iv,38 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-169420

ABSTRACT

El propósito principal del estudio cualitativo fue documentar las percepciones de los participantes, sobre la distribución y uso, que la mujer hace de su tiempo en actividades relacionadas con: el acarreo del agua, el cuidado de los niños pequeños, la preparación de alimentos, la generación de ingresos, y la participación en comités comunitarios de agua y otras actividades de desarrollo comunal. El estudio fue estrictamente de carácter cualitativo y en el mismo se utilizaron técnicas rápidas antropológicas, acompañadas de diferentes instrumentos de investigación; fue realizado en comunidades rurales de los departamentos de Huehuetenango, Quiché, San Marcos, Sololá y Totonicapán. Los hallazgos del estudio permiten inferir, que la instalación de sistemas de agua intradomiciliar es percibida por los beneficiarios, como un factor generador de cambios en la distribución del tiempo de la mujer, que trae como beneficio la simplificación de las tareas domésticas, principalmente el lavado de ropa y la preparación de los alimentos. Así también se percibe que la mujer no hace un mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo que libera por la introducción de agua domiciliar, debido a su analfabetismo, monolinguismo en comunidades indígenas, falta de fuentes de empleo remunerado y de oportunidades de capacitación, pero principalmente por su condición de mujer, de relativa menor importancia en el contexto socio-cultural guatemalteco


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Drinking Water , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Guatemala/ethnology , Time , Water Supply/economics , Women, Working/psychology , Women/psychology
14.
Guatemala; INCAP; 1994. ix,58 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-169474

ABSTRACT

La investigación se llevó a cabo en comunidades rurales beneficiarias de proyectos de agua domiciliar USAID-PAYSA del altiplano guatemalteco. El propósito fué examinar el binomio ingresos-gastos familiares y la capacidad de las comunidades para amortizar el financiamiento institucional de los proyhectos. La investigación también incluyó un estudio cualitativo sobre als apreciacioanes de los efectos de la introducción de agua domiciliar, en la utilización del tiempo de la mujer al no tener que ocuparlo en el acarreo del agua. Los resultados del estudio cualitativo son objeto de otro informe. En el informe que aquí se presenta se describen las metodologías aplicadas y consignan los principales hallazgos de la investigación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drinking Water , Economics , Guatemala , Socioeconomic Factors , Water Consumption (Environmental Health) , Water Supply, Rural , Water Supply/economics , Sanitary Surveys, Water Supply
15.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1993 Dec; 24(4): 631-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-35201

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted in a district of southern Thailand to evaluate village piped water (VPW) systems with respect to the process of planning and operation. Of 67 villages in the district, 31 were installed with one or more VPW systems using water obtained from artesian wells and distributed through the pipe with neither prior filtering nor chlorination. Seven systems were found to have stopped functioning for more than 6 months. The direct causes of failure were lack of participation from the villagers, mechanical problems and serious conflicts among the leaders. Of the running systems, only 4 were operating with meters for individual households. The charge rates were probably too low to cope with sustainable maintenance costs. The water had rust, unpleasant odors, slightly salty taste and oily surface in 50, 33, 29 and 4% of the systems respectively. Among VPW users, 8% drank water from shallow wells and 77% drank unboiled water. It was concluded that VPW in the study area was not effective for several reason. Prior assessment of management feasibility and proper community education were lacking. The running costs were probable too high, not well recognized and not covered. This led to failure in gaining participation from the villagers, which eventually led to failure or potential failure of the system and waste of capital investment. These pitfalls should be prevented prior to installation of any VPW system in the future.


Subject(s)
Community Participation , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Fees and Charges , Health Education , Humans , Program Evaluation , Rural Population , Thailand , Water Supply/economics
20.
In. Filgueira, Carlos. El gasto público social en Uruguay y sus efectos distributivos: informe de investigación 1985. Montevideo, Centro de Informaciones y Estudios del Uruguay/Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, 1985. p.61, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-182243
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